¿Existen ventajas clínicas al evaluar el estado de los genes KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN y HER2 en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.7Palabras clave:
neoplasias del colon, detección precoz del cáncer, estadificación de neoplasias, biomarcadores de tumor, marcadores genéticosResumen
En la última década han surgido los tratamientos guiados por el perfil molecular del tumor, con beneficio clínico para los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal avanzado o metastásico. Esta estratificación molecular permite agrupar o individualizar a los pacientes para un óptimo tratamiento de su enfermedad.
Basada en información relevante y actualizada, se presenta una revisión de genes y biomoléculas de las vías de señalización intracelular del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico, involucradas en la carcinogénesis del cáncer colorrectal. Además, se pretende identificar evidencia que soporte el beneficio de utilizar biomarcadores en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal, como factores pronósticos o predictivos para tratamientos biológicos.
Se concluye que existe evidencia científica y, además, aceptación por parte de asociaciones internacionales de oncología clínica, para utilizar la evaluación del estado de los genes KRAS y BRAF en la práctica clínica, por su valor predictivo en el tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal avanzado; mientras que, para los genes NRAS, PIK3CA, PETEN y HER2, la aceptación por consenso de expertos de Europa y Estados Unidos aún no es unánime, para recomendar la evaluación rutinaria de estos biomarcadores predictivos en el cáncer colorrectal avanzado.
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