Primer Consenso Colombiano en Sepsis
Palabras clave:
sepsis, conferencias para el desarrollo de consenso, infecciónResumen
La sepsis, sepsis severa y el choque séptico tienen una incidencia alta y conllevan a una alta mortalidad, morbilidad y costos. Es por esto que la AMCI y la ACIN decidieron realizar un consenso de diagnóstico y tratamiento de sepsis con los siguientes tres objetivos fundamentales:
- Actualizar las recomendaciones de diagnóstico y manejo de sepsis (2004-2006).
- Aplicar las recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con sepsis de acuerdo el sistema de salud de Colombia.
- Promover la implementación de las recomendaciones en la práctica clínica y la investigación a nivel local y nacional en sepsis.
Este consenso es de alta prioridad, y por lo tanto, requiere una evaluación que siga la metodología de la "medicina basada en evidencia" para dirigir así la práctica clínica en los pacientes con sepsis. La AMCI y la ACIN comisionaron un panel de expertos, con la tarea de producir un consenso basado en la evidencia que tuviese relevancia clínica. El consenso está dirigido a una audiencia amplia, ubicada en diferentes campos: medicina general, cuidado intensivo, infectología, neumología, médicos de urgencias, anestesiología, medicina interna, cirugía, enfermería, terapia respiratoria, fisioterapia, oncología, medicina de transplantes y demás personal de salud involucrado en el cuidado de pacientes con sepsis.
Los tópicos seleccionados para el consenso incluyen siete grupos grandes: (1) terapia de soporte; (2) diagnóstico de sepsis y control de la infección; (3) medidas terapéuticas específicas; (4) medidas generales y preventivas; (5) pacientes inmunocomprometidos y poblaciones especiales con sepsis; (6) protocolos en sepsis.
La definición adoptada por el Consenso Colombiano de Sepsis es la propuesta por American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) y Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) en 1992 (4)Specialty, después de su conferencia de consenso en 1991. La definición de sepsis es la presencia del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) asociada a infección; sepsis severa es cuando adicionalmente se asocia con disfunción orgánica, hipoperfusión, o hipotensión; y choque séptico cuando la sepsis se asocia con hipotensión arterial a pesar de la reposición adecuada de fluidos (tabla 1). Sin embargo, evidenciaron las deficiencias de las definiciones actuales y sugirieron adicionar una lista de síntomas y signos de sepsis que pueden reflejen mejor la respuesta clínica a la infección (tabla 2).
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Restrepo, M. I.; Dueñas, C.; González, M.; Ortiz, G.; Álvarez, C.; Granados, M.; Acosta, C.; Arias, A.; Atehortúa, L. H.; Camargo, R. Primer Consenso Colombiano En Sepsis. Rev Colomb Cir 2006, 21, 155-179.
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