Cirugía bariátrica en pediatría, ¿qué impacto tiene? Revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.923Palabras clave:
obesidad pediátrica, manejo de la obesidad, cirugía bariátrica, derivación gástrica, revisión de la literaturaResumen
Introducción. La obesidad en la población pediátrica ha ido aumentando de manera progresiva y el manejo médico de la obesidad mórbida en esta población se ha mostrado insuficiente. El objetivo de este artículo fue describir el estado actual de la literatura científica publicada hasta abril 15 de 2021 sobre el impacto de la cirugía bariátrica en la población pediátrica.
Métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura que evaluó dos bases de datos, donde se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas, reportes de casos, series de casos y ensayos clínicos, publicados desde el 1 de enero de 2010 hasta el 15 de abril de 2021, en español, inglés y francés.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 56 documentos y 18 estudios clínicos, en los que se encontró que la cirugía bariátrica (bypass gástrico por Y de Roux, gastrectomía en manga, plicatura gástrica y banda gástrica) alcanzó una pérdida de peso significativa en el primer año, con un adecuado sostenimiento de dicha pérdida al quinto año, además de una resolución completa de las comorbilidades metabólicas y cardiovasculares en la mayoría de los pacientes.
Conclusión. La cirugía bariátrica se presenta como una alternativa eficaz en el manejo de la obesidad mórbida y sus complicaciones en el paciente pediátrico
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