Donación de órganos y trasplante en la era COVID-19: ¿Realmente se deben parar los programas?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.624Palabras clave:
COVID-19, virus del SRAS, coronavirus, infecciones por coronavirus, pandemias, cirugía general, trasplanteResumen
Durante los primeros meses de la pandemia por SARS-CoV2 (Coronavirus 2 del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo y Grave), el agente etiológico de la Enfermedad Infecciosa por Coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19), la actividad de donación y trasplante de órganos en todo el mundo se ha visto claramente afectada. Las principales razones que en este momento motivan el cese parcial o total de los trasplantes son: 1) la carga asistencial que genera el manejo de un potencial donante en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI), 2) el alto riesgo de contagio entre donante y receptor, 3) el riesgo de inmunosuprimir a un paciente en medio de la pandemia y 4) la escases de camas de UCI.
A pesar de que el mundo está enfrentando a una enfermedad emergente que merece especial atención, al mismo tiempo continúan prevaleciendo las complicaciones asociadas a las demás enfermedades incluyendo las complicaciones de patologías crónicas en estado terminal. La decisión de continuar con los programas de trasplante se debe basar en el comportamiento local del virus y en la capacidad asistencial de cada una de las instituciones. En Colombia, el comportamiento epidemiológico del SARS-CoV2 varía significativamente entre las diferentes regionales, permitiendo a las instituciones que hasta el momento, presentan poca carga de atención del COVID-19 retomar sus actividades de trasplante. De esta manera se propone un balance entre mantener las medidas de prevención y atención del COVID-19 y continuar ofreciendo los servicios de trasplante, principalmente a los pacientes con alto riesgo de morbi-mortalidad en lista de espera.
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