Cáncer colorrectal hereditario no asociado a poliposis o síndrome de Lynch
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.38Palabras clave:
neoplasias del colon, neoplasias del recto, síndromes neoplásicos hereditarios, neoplasias colorrectales hereditarias sin poliposis, síndrome de Lynch, prevención primariaResumen
El cáncer colorrectal hereditario no asociado a poliposis, también llamado síndrome de Lynch, es reconocido como un síndrome hereditario de patrón autosómico dominante de penetrancia incompleta, en el cual hay mutación en los genes reparadores del ADN.
De 2 a 3 % de todos los tumores colorrectales se originan por este síndrome hereditario que predispone a su desarrollo. El síndrome Lynch, el más frecuente de los síndromes genéticos, incrementa, además del riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de colon, el de cáncer metacrónico y otros tipos de cáncer no colorrectal como los de endometrio, de intestino delgado, de uréter o de la pelvis renal.
Por lo tanto, es indispensable reconocerlo e identificar a los individuos en riesgo de presentarlo para prevenir, diagnosticar y tratar de manera precoz la aparición de estas neoplasias, y poder disminuir las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas.
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