Uso de células pluripotenciales en el tratamiento de la isquemia crítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.18Palabras clave:
células madre pluripotentes, trasplante de células madre, isquemia, extremidad inferior, enfermedad arterial periféricaResumen
La isquemia crítica de los miembros inferiores se define como la insuficiencia de flujo arterial a los miembros inferiores para mantener la viabilidad tisular, generalmente causada por enfermedad obstructiva arterial periférica. Las manifestaciones clínicas son dolor en reposo y presencia de úlceras o pérdida tisular espontánea.
El manejo con reperfusión quirúrgica (surgical revascularization) y terapia endovascular ha permitido lograr salvamentos importantes de extremidades pero, a pesar de estos avances, aproximadamente, entre el 20 y el 40 % de los pacientes con isquemia crítica no son candidatos a ninguno de estos tratamientos.
Se estima que anualmente se practican entre 120 y 500 amputaciones por cada millón de habitantes por enfermedad arterial; 25 % de los pacientes con amputaciones mayores no recibe ningún tipo de rehabilitación. Por lo tanto, se necesita contar con nuevas estrategias para promover el salvamento de extremidades y disminuir las tasas tan altas de amputaciones.
En los últimos 20 años, el uso de células madre pluripotenciales ha demostrado ser un tratamiento efectivo y seguro para los pacientes con isquemia crítica con gran riesgo de pérdida de las extremidades.
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